復(fù)合句是TOEEL考題的基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)，因而連接主句和從句的連接詞就成為重要的命題焦點(diǎn)。TOEEL常考的從屬連詞分三類：(1)關(guān)系代詞( that， which ，what who. Whose) (2) 關(guān)系副詞(where when why how) (3) 狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞 (where， when， if， though， because…) 有關(guān)從屬連詞的試題大部分集中在Structure (1-15題中) 掌握命題規(guī)律，這類題目并不復(fù)雜。

　　從屬連詞常考題型及解題要點(diǎn)

　　1. 主句與從句之間必須有從屬連詞

　　全真例題分析

　　(1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them ------- insects。

　　(A) traps

　　(B) trap its

　　(C) which traps

　　(D) which it traps (92.1)

　?。鄞鸢福?C 定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)。

　　(2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ------- higher plants can survive。

　　(A) there

　　(B) wherever

　　(C) somewhere

　　(D) then (92.5)

　?。鄞鸢福?B 空格前后為兩個(gè)完整的句子，這里應(yīng)填入連接詞聯(lián)系主從兩句。四個(gè)選擇只有wherever是連詞，引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　(3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor， and pianist ------ ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures。

　　(A) him

　　(B) although

　　(C) or

　　(D) who (92.10)

　?。鄞鸢福?D 關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并作從句的主語(yǔ)。

　　(4)-------。 Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface。

　　(A) A volcano erupts

　　(B) A volcano whether erupts

　　(C) A volcano erupts it

　　(D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)

　?。鄞鸢福?D 從屬連詞引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　2. 關(guān)系代詞 who與which混淆錯(cuò)用

　　解題要點(diǎn)：在written Expression (16-40題)中的四個(gè)選擇答案中出現(xiàn)who 或者which，應(yīng)確認(rèn)它所指代的是人還是物。

　　全直例題分析

　　(1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)

　?。鄞鸢福?C 關(guān)系代詞who指代的是sea，因此應(yīng)用指物的which或that。

　　(2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)

　?。鄞鸢福?B 關(guān)系代詞which指代前面的persons，應(yīng)改為人稱關(guān)系代詞who。

　　(3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal， the Woman*s Advocate， who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)

　?。鄞鸢福?D 關(guān)系代詞who指代雜志the woman*s Advocate，故應(yīng)改為which。

　　(4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10)

　?。鄞鸢福?B 關(guān)系代詞who指代前文的questions of law，故應(yīng)改為which或that。

　　3. 介詞＋關(guān)系代詞which結(jié)構(gòu)

　　解題要點(diǎn) 介詞＋which作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞，在從句作狀語(yǔ)?？杀硎緯r(shí)間(＝when) ，地點(diǎn)(= where) ，原因(＝why)等等。

　　全真例題分析

　　(1) In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation ------- the modern college rests。

　　(A) is which

　　(B) on which

　　(C) which is on

　　(D) on it (91.1)

　　［答案］ B on which 指代on the foundation ，作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞。

　　(2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path ------- electricity can How。

　　(A) through it

　　(B) through which

　　(C) that is through

　　(D) there goes through (93.3)

　?。鄞鸢福?B through which 指代through the circuit， 作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞，而介詞through才能準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)句子的含義。

　　(3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil ------- the plants grow。

　　(A) which

　　(B) which in

　　(C) in which

　　(D) in (90.5)

　?。鄞鸢福?C in which = where

　　(4) Adhesives， such as glue， tape and gum， vary with the purpose ------- intended。

　　(A) they were for

　　(B) for they were

　　(C) which were they

　　(D) for which they were (93.10)

　?。鄞鸢福?D for which指代for the purpose。

　　4. What 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

　　解題要點(diǎn)：what兼先行詞和關(guān)系代詞雙重身份，即what = the thing (things) that…。因此考生應(yīng)特別注意，what既已包含先行詞在 內(nèi)，它的前面就不應(yīng)該再出現(xiàn)先行中心名詞。What 與that 的區(qū)分是TOEEL?？碱}目

　　全真例題分析

　　(1) During the eighteenth century， Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became ------- is now Indiana and Ohio。

　　(A) there

　　(B) where

　　(C) that

　　(D) what (93.5)

　?。鄞鸢福?D what = the area that。What所指代的是地點(diǎn)、位置。然而，此句卻不可選擇(B)where。因?yàn)殛P(guān)系副詞where不能作從句的主語(yǔ)。只有what即是先行詞又是關(guān)系代詞。

　　(2) The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ------- best in its climate and soil。

　　(A) it grows

　　(B) what grows

　　(C) does it grow

　　(D) what does grow (90.1)

　?。鄞鸢福?B what grows = the thing that grows…另請(qǐng)注意：介詞后面通常不能接that引導(dǎo)的從句，但可接what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。

　　(3) A hinge joint is ------- permits the forward and backward movement of a door。

　　(A) the

　　(B) what

　　(C) those

　　(D) whose (88.10)

　?。鄞鸢福?B what = the thing that…

　　(4) Essentially， a theory is an abstract. Symbolic representation of ------- reality。

　　(A) what it is conceived

　　(B) that is conceived

　　(C) what is conceived to be

　　(D) that is being conceived of (89.5)

　　［答案］ C what = the thing that (is conceived to be…) 。答案(A)中的代詞it是多余的，因?yàn)閣hat本身即已包含了先行詞(the thing ) 和關(guān)系代詞(that) 。答案(B)中的關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的從句不可以置于介詞的后面。

　　(5) Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. (93.10

　?。鄞鸢福?B what應(yīng)改為that。此句已含有先行詞food，不能再用關(guān)系代詞what。

　　5. 主句和從句

　　解題要點(diǎn) 主語(yǔ)從句是TOEEL?？级袊?guó)考生又較陌生英文文法結(jié)構(gòu)。有關(guān)主語(yǔ)從句的命題幾乎全部集中在structure (1-15題)中。主語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)是讀起來(lái)有種頭重腳輕的感覺(jué)，而且有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。連詞That 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)特別留意。因?yàn)門hat 在句中沒(méi)有任何意義，它只具有引導(dǎo)出主語(yǔ)從句的功能，因而很容易被忽略。

　　全真例題分析

　　(1) ------- xenon could not from chemical compounds was once believed by scientists。

　　(A) For

　　(B) It was

　　(C) That

　　(D) While (91.1)

　?。鄞鸢福?C That引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。其中第一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞could from 是從句的謂語(yǔ)，第二個(gè)系動(dòng)was是主句的謂語(yǔ)。

　　(2) ------- to space travelers is high acceleration of deceleration forces。

　　(A) Danger can be

　　(B) They can be dangerous

　　(C) What can be dangerous

　　(D) While danger (93.1)

　?。鄞鸢福?C what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。What既是從句的連詞，又是從句的主語(yǔ)。

　　(3) ------- has been a topic of continual geological research。

　　(A) Did the continents originate

　　(B) How did the continents originate

　　(C) Have the continents originated

　　(D) How the continents originated (91.1)

　?。鄞鸢福?D How 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。

　　(4) ------- progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by economists。

　　(A) Technological

　　(B) That technological

　　(C)Although technological

　　(D)There is technological

　　［答案］ B. That 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)連續(xù)讀到兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(e.g. Helps…is)，而空格在句首，應(yīng)首先考慮主語(yǔ)從句。這是主語(yǔ)從句典型的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。